Symbolism in Tim O Briens quot;The Things They...

Symbolism In The Things They Carried In Tim OBriens story The Things They Carried we see how OBrien uses symbolism in order to indirectly give us a message and help us to connect to what the soldiers are thinking and feeling. During a war soldiers tend to take with them items from home kind of as a security blanket. The items they normally take with them tend to reveal certain characteristics of their personality. Henry Dobbins is the guy who loves to eat so he made sure he took some extra food. Ted Lavender was the scaredy cat of the group so he carried tranquilizers with him. Dave Jense is the paranoid one, so he takes soap and a toothbrush to prevent germs and disease as best he can. Kiowa has a bible with him showing†¦show more content†¦What they have with them is decided by what they are scared of or how much they miss home or just something to distract them from the war that is going on. They even take with them good luck charms. They are all very aware of what they have with them and how much it weights because it is part of them. Jimmy Cross has a pebble that he got from Martha. When she sent it to him she stated that it was a symbol of her feelings toward him. Though he did not completely understand what she mind by it he kept it with him because he thought it was romantic. He keeps the pebble in his mouth and imagines being at home with Martha, not having to carry any items with him. Norman Bowker has a thumb with him. He had obtained the thumb from a dead teenage Vietnamese solider. Mitchell Sanders had cut it off and given it to him as of way of symbolizing a moral. Amongst personal items, necessities, fear, they also carried each other and diseases. In a review titled The baggage we carry weighs more than all of our suitcases by Jann Malone, we actually get to see how the author, Tim OBrien, himself actually explains the symbolism that the items the soldiers have mean. OBrien states that the items they carry can be viewed as personal problems, thoughts, emotions, etc. that we all carry. its also about the things all of us carry through our lives (Malone, 1). He goes on to say We all have fears, loneliness, guilt. And we all know those

Federalism Is A System Of Government - 942 Words

In many nations the government has all of the authority. In the United States of America the national government doesn’t have all the power. The Tenth Amendment states, â€Å"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.† It essentially says that any power that is not given to the federal government is given to the people or the states. What is Federalism? Federalism is when more than one level of government is over the same individuals, over the same area, and amid the same time. Federalism in our system starts at the bottom with our local government in Tifton, the county government in Tift, the state government in Atlanta and the national government in Washington D.C. Federalism is a system of government in which powers are separated by a written constitution between a central government and regional or subdivision governments. Every level must have some area in which its arrangements are dominant and some authentic protected assurance of its power. Federalism is a kind of government in which the power is separated between the central or national government and several regional or local governmental units. There are 89,527 governmental units in the United States. Every level of government has its own particular region of powers. Neither one of the levels, acting alone, can change the fundamental division of powers the constitution makes between them.Show MoreRelatedFederalism Is A System Of Government1699 Words   |  7 Pagesnecessity of government, and it is equally undeniable, that whenever and however it is instituted, the people must cede to it some of their natural rights in order to vest it with requisite powers.† (Federalist No.2). According to dictionary,com, it defines the word federalism as â€Å"a political concept describing the practice whereby a group of members are bound by agreement or covenant. The word federalism comes from the Latin word foedus, which means covenant. Federalism refers to a system of governmentRead MoreThe Government Is A System Of The Dual Federalism1183 Words   |  5 PagesFederalism has numerous levels of government in which each of them have their own self-governing authority over some of the policy areas. It helps in balancing the power between the national and subunit governments. Various forms of the government are being observed internationally, including the confederation and unitary government. The Confederal government was the very first form of government the United States had that is held under the Articles of Confederation; in which the states hold theRead MoreFederalism Is Defined As A System Of Government2199 Words   |  9 PagesFederalism is defined as a system of government in which a single area, whether it be an entire country or a province within its borders, is controlled by two levels of government, each with their own respective st rengths and weaknesses. In the United States, a form of Federalism is practiced in which each of the fifty states are controlled by their own state government, and all fifty of the states collectively are controlled by the National, or Federal, Government. Both levels of our governmentRead MoreEssay on Federalism1371 Words   |  6 PagesFederalism Federalism is a widely accepted system of government in North American cultures. To many North Americans it seems to be the obvious choice for all world governments, but this is not the case. In all honesty, federalism is a fairly unique form of government. Out of approximately two hundred nations on the earth one hundred and eighty states practice unitary forms of government, leaving only twenty or so as federal nations (Winchester, 1999). Unitary forms of government consistRead MoreDifferences Between Dual Federalism And Cooperative Federalism969 Words   |  4 Pagesdual federalism and cooperative federalism? Be sure to fully address what federalism is and why it was created. 1000 words. Dual federalism is a term used to describe a circumstance in which national and state governments are sovereign and equal within their constitutionally allocated spheres of authority. Federalism is a concept that refers to a system of government in which power is shared between the national and non-national governments. Cooperative Federalism is a model of federalism in whichRead MoreThe Evolution of Federalism990 Words   |  4 PagesThe Evolution of the Constitution American federalism has changed drastically since its genesis. In 1776 the thirteen colonies adopted the Articles of Confederation in order to coordinate their efforts in the war for independence. The Articles of Confederation bound the states together in two main aspects; foreign and military affairs. The Articles of Confederation worked well while all the states had a common cause. However, as soon as the war ended and interests began to change, it became obviousRead More Federalism From Its Beginning To The Present Essay643 Words   |  3 Pagesstate today. The United States system of federalism has changed greatly through landmark court decisions, congressional decisions, and strong presidential influence. The next few paragraphs will go through the history of federalism in the United States. The Federal System began when the Framers wrote the Constitution. The Constitution set up the basic outline of the federal system. This system divided the powers between the national government and the state governments. Also, it bound the individualRead MorePros And Cons Of Federalism1078 Words   |  5 Pagesbest efforts to distinguish the pros and cons of Federalism. In my opinion I believe that federalism works in many first world countries, but it would have a harder time working in third world countries. Federalism comes with many advantages and its own unique disadvantages. Federalism provides basic security to its citizens and provides government security with all the dispersed levels of government to spread out power. The cons that follow federalism are the protection of the power and laws may alsoRead MoreEssay about The Evolution of Federalism981 Words   |  4 Pages The Evolution of Federalism American federalism has changed drastically since its genesis. In 1776 the thirteen colonies adopted the Articles of Confederation in order to coordinate their efforts in the war for independence. The Articles of Confederation bound the states together in two main aspects; foreign and military affairs. The Articles of Confederation worked well while all the states had a common cause. However, as soon as the war ended and interests began to change, it became obviousRead MoreDifferences Between Unitary And Federal System1524 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Paper: Federalism Usually people tend to take governmental institutions in account only at national levels. However, it is important to have a look at the lower levels as well, specifically at state or provincial levels. The major distinctions that can be made are between unitary and federal systems. Only the central government has the constitutional sovereignty and power in unitary system. The central government shares that constitutional sovereignty and power in subdivisions called, states

Self Introduction free essay sample

Coming to a new place and meeting a lot of new people naturally includes introducing oneself for quite a number of times. But as Fyodor Dostoyevsky lets his narrator in the Letters from the Underworld say: â€Å"By the way, what is it that all respectable men talk about most readily? Answer – about themselves. So I too will talk about myself. †1 So I will join in and as I have done for a hundred times this past week I will happily introduce myself another time, this time in writing and in essay style. My name is Matthias Haufe and I am from Erlangen, a beautiful town in the northern part of Bavaria, Germany. The surrounding region is known as Frankonia, which I mention, because quite a few people there pride themselves as being Frankonians rather than Bavarians. There I spent the past thirteen years of my life, going to school, doing my civil service and later attending university. I am so excited for applying for this program. If I were become a successful candidate, would have a chance not only to study but could be friend with other foreign students and exchange customs and knowledge between each other.I may dont have the best results at my actual university, but I believe I am right person for this scholar because of my personal qualities that comes from my moral, open mind, and strong will to fight every challenge. I promise that would try my best if I were become a successful candidate. The reason why applied to University is that I believed that this university is the best in Korea in the field of pharmacy. If I have an opportunity to study at University, I would become a professional individual with theoretical and practical attribute in my field of study.

WTO and Its Success in Jordan

Introduction: WTO Principles in Jordan Globalization seems to have taken its toll on business and economy all over the world. For those states that have not been included into the WTO, it is becoming increasingly hard to provide its citizens with decent opportunities in education and career (Ekins Voituriez 2012).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on WTO and Its Success in Jordan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, joining the WTO also means facing a number of challenges. Despite the success and opportunities that entering the WTO is bound to bring to Jordan entrepreneurs, the state is obviously going to suffer a crisis caused by the necessity to comply with the standards of the organization, which the Gravity Model is bound to help with. Discussion: The Essence of Economic Growth Story Jordan is primarily known for its scarce resources (El-Naser 2009). As a result, the state owns much money to its current busi ness partners. With better logistics strategy, Jordanian entrepreneurs could focus on improving their companies’ performance; however, at present, most money goes for transportation and delivery of the products. As a result, the state is in huge debt to its business partners (Oxford Business Group 2009). However, by entering the WTO, the state authorities hope to raise the public and private entrepreneurships’ revenues (Ibpusa 2009). Model As it has been stressed, the Jordanian government is going to implement the Gravity Model, which presupposes that Jordan will have to pick its business partners based not only on the influence that the latter have in the WTO, but also on the distance between the two states (van Bergeijk Brakman 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Outcomes It is expected that participation in the WTO and trading in the realm of the global market will bring Jordan economic success: â€Å"for a small country such as Jordan, liberalizing the economy and integration into the world market could offer the best prospect to overcome the limited scale of the domestic economy and to help increase productivity through specialization† (Saqfalhait 2012, p. 180). Analysis: The Success of the Gravity Model Positive effects Despite the rapid change that the economy of Jordan was to be exposed to, there has been a lot of improvement in the business sphere of the state. As the existing reports show, private entrepreneurship was finally given another chance to grow, and the problem of unemployment in public and private organizations was partially solved. In addition, employees were finally provided with more options for personal and professional growth (Carroll 2003). However, these are not the only positive effects that the agreement with the WTO brought Jordan and its businessmen. In addition to the chances for small and mediu m entrepreneurship (SME) development, the opportunities for the state economy in general emerged (Fawzy 2002). Opportunities Perhaps, one of the most impressive positive effects that the introduction of the WTO principles into the economic strategies of Jordan has had on the country’s economy concerns the opportunities that the Jordan entrepreneurs, as well as the state government, have in front of them. By joining the WTO system, Jordan has become a member of the worldwide trade process, therefore, increasing its chances on not only getting investments from foreign states, but also starting partnership with major foreign companies and expanding some of the most efficient Jordan entrepreneurships into international corporations (Lucas 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on WTO and Its Success in Jordan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Challenges However, by accepting the WTO basic guidelines and becoming a part of the global trade system, the state authorities have also exposed the Jordan economy to an incredibly competitive environment, therefore, making its major companies especially vulnerable to the high-grossing rivals from other states (Malkawi 2006). Apart from high competition rates, Jordan will also have to face the challenge of rearranging some of its businesses so that they could fit into the global trade environment. The process of adapting towards the new rules is not going to be easy and will most certainly take considerable time (Tomaria 2008). Negative effects Sadly enough, by signing the agreement with the WTO, Jordan authorities have also had certain negative effects on the state economy. Every change occurring to a state triggers certain problems, since, to get adjusted to this change both in political and economical field, state officials need much time, money and effort (Hassan Al-Saci 2004). (Mitchell 2005). Nevertheless, due to the reasonable steps undertaken by the Jordan government, it can be assumed that the state economy is out of danger at present. Still, a brief overview of the current threats and the means to handle them is still required (Mitchell 2005). Evaluation As it has been stressed above, most of the issues that the Jordanian business people and entrepreneurs are having at present can be considered temporary and will be solved as soon as the process of adapting towards the new WTO principles is over (Center for International Private Enterprise 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, other issues need an urgent solution, which calls for certain measures to be taken. To start with, it is clear that the Jordanian SMEs require help from the government or foreign investors in order to become competitive in the new environment (International Monetary Fund 2004). Even with the quality of the production raised, there are still a lot of issues to be solved, especially the ones concerning technology and the availability of resources. As a result, it is crucial that SMEs should be provided with support from the government, i.e., better loan options in banks, etc. Current issues and their solutions When it comes to the evaluation of the major blocks standing in the way of Jordan entering the global market, the concern regarding the national debt must be mentioned. Indeed, according to the recent calculations, the debt that Jordan acquired due to the overseas borrowings made in 1980 reached drastic proportions in merely several years (International Monetary Fund 20 08). To solve the given problem, Jordan had to improve its economy, which could be carried out by allowing SMEs develop. The Jordan parliament, however, preferred another means to solve the situation, which concerned cutting the national budget. These endeavors to replenish the national economy and get out of the debt, however, did not lead to any fruitful results: There was a realization that, for a small country such as Jordan, liberalizing the economy and integration into the world market could offer the best prospect to overcome the limited scale of the domestic economy and to help increase productivity through specialization. (Saqfalhait 2012, p. 180) Therefore, it was clear that restructuring the national economy by accepting the WTO rules and joining the process of international trade seemed much like a perfect way out of the given problem to the Jordanian authorities. However, it appears that, to handle the situation regarding the debt that Jordan is currently in, the state needs the assistance from international partners (El-Said Becker 2001). The given tactics will allow for not only attracting more investors, who can possibly help the Jordanian SMEs take off the ground and become successful international enterprises, but will also allow for the exchange of experience and the introduction of new business strategies into the Jordanian companies, both public and private (Stevenson 2010). The last, but definitely not the least goal that the introduction of the WTO principles will help the state to accomplish concerns the upgrade in the qualifications of the labor force, which, according to the recently acquired information, has rather dated skills and needs to update them so that the performance of the staff could be up to the WTO standards (Masiejewski, Mansur, Alonso-Gamo 1990). The aforementioned challenges can be faced and dealt with efficiently once the principles of the Multinational Trading System are firmly integrated into the Jordan economy ( Bindi Angelescu 2012). By adopting a flexible system of government procurement, the Jordanian authorities will be able to get the public and private companies into the process of integration with the multinational trading system (Chauffour Maur 2011). Conclusion: Multinational Trading System As it has been stressed, the process of entering the multinational trading system will not flow impeccably perfect; on the contrary, with the debt that the Jordanian government has at present, it can be assumed that Jordanian entrepreneurs will have a number of issues in finding business partners, as well as customers to promote their services to. However, these issues can be dealt with. Multinational Trading System might be a bit of a challenge, with all the regulations and the high standards that every state has to uphold to. However, the opportunities that the members of the WTO can enjoy definitely compensate for the pressure of competition and the need to keep an eye on upgrading business strategies. Recommendations: What Can Be Improved The process of Jordan integrating into the world market is most likely to result in the state having certain economical issues at first. Seeing how the Jordanian SMEs need further development, which also requires financial resources, it will be necessary to attract partners who could invest into the Jordanian SMEs and public companies development, as well as the training of the staff. Consequently, it would be wrong to assume that the state is going to pay its debt immediately and recover from the losses that it has been taking for the last few decades. Therefore, the only possible solution for Jordan at present is to figure out how to adapt to the requirements set by the WTO and encourage the growth of the state SMEs, which the Gravity Model can allow for. Reference List Bindi, F Angelescu, I 2012, The foreign policy of the European Union: assessing Europe’s role in the world (2nd ed.), The Brookings Institution, Washington , DC. Carroll, K B 2003, Business as usual: Economic reform in Jordan, Lexington Books, Lanham, MD. Center for International Private Enterprise 2010, Strategies for policy reform (vol. 2): Engaging entrepreneurs in democratic governance, CIPE, Washington, DC. Chauffour, J-P Maur, J-C 2011, Preferential trade agreement policies for development, The World Bank, Washington, DC. Ekins, P Voituriez, T 2012, Trade, globalization and sustainability impact assessment, Earthscan, Sterling, VA. El-Naser, H 2009, Management of scarce water resources: A Middle Eastern experience, MIT University Press, Billerica, MA. El-Said, H Becker, K 2001, Management and international business issues in Jordan, Routledge, New York, NY. Fawzy, S 2002, Globalization and firm competitiveness in Middle East, World Bank Publications, Washington, DC. Hassan, F M A Al-Saci D 2004, Jordan: Supporting stable development in a challenging region, World Bank Publications, Washington, DC. Ibpusa 2009, Islamic financi al institutions, Intel Business Publications, Washington, DC. International Monetary Fund 2004, Jordan: 2004, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC. International Monetary Fund 2008, Jordan: 2008, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC. Lucas, R E 2006, Institutions and the politics of survival in Jordan, State University of New York Press, Albany, NY. Malkawi, B H 2006, Jordan and the World trading system: A case study, American University Library, Washington, DC. Masiejewski, E, Mansur, A S, Alonso-Gamo, P 1990, Jordan – strategy for adjustment and growth, International Monetary Fund Publication Services, Washington, DC. Mitchell, A D 2005, Challenges and prospects for the WTO, Cameron May, London, UK. Oxford Business Group 2009, The report: Jordan 2009. Oxford Business Group, Oxford, UK. Saqfalhait, N 2012, ‘Jordan WTO accession: A quantitative investigation and estimation of a gravity model,’ Applied Econometrics and International Development, vol . 12 no. 2, pp. 180–196. Stevenson, L 2010. Private sector and enterprise development: fostering growth in the Middle East and North Africa, Edward Elgar, Northampton, MA. Tomaria, R V 2008, Legacy of a rentier state: Reforming Jordan’s energy, water and telecommunications sectors, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. Van Bergeijk, P G A, Brakman, S 2010, The gravity model in international trade: advances and applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. This essay on WTO and Its Success in Jordan was written and submitted by user Desiree Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Mysterious Stranger Essays - Hell, Abrahamic Mythology

The Mysterious Stranger In the Mark Twain story ?The Mysterious Stranger?, Satan teaches Theodor that the Moral Sense that humans possess is more of an impairment than a gift. The first time Satan degrades Man's Moral Sense is when he use the term to explain the difference between himself and Man (66). Theodor, who only had a ?dim idea of what the Moral Sense was? is upset at the way Satan speaks of it. Satan shows Theodor several examples of the cruel things Man does that no other animal on earth would do. Satan says that that although man was given the Moral Sense to differentiate right from wrong he usually makes the wrong decision(78). Satan also says that man is proud to have the Moral Sense when it is actually a ?shameful possession?(78). The examples of the poverty in the French Village(78-9), the man being tortured in the jail(78),and persecution of the witches are all used by Satan to teach Theodor the flaws of mankind and the Moral Sense. Theodor begins to understand why Satan looks down upon our race as silly and trivial when he sees all of the cruel things that man does to other men and animals. Satan defends even the animals of the earth by saying that even they are not ?tainted with the disease called the Moral Sense?(80) and therefore cannot do wrong because they don't have a choice like man does. He questions the boys as to why Hans Oppert's loyal dog should not be allowed into heaven and asks if their race ?can add anything to this dog's stock of morals and magnanimities.?(80) Satan thinks that the Moral Sense make humans a foolish race. Man's cruelty cannot be blamed on anyone but him because he knows right from wrong. Along with the Moral Sense, Satan also compares humans to sheep, and says that they are mostly followers and afraid to assert themselves because they want to stand well in their neighbor's eye. Satan emphasizes the witch hunt as a perfect example of man's shortcomings. He states that only a ?handful of pious lunatics? actually want to kill the people accused of practicing witchcraft, but people tend to follow those few that ?make the most noise.? Theodor realizes that he is guilty of following the minority after he throws the stone at the woman accused of witchcraft and is confronted by Satan(109) He didn't want to throw the stone but was afraid of being accused of sympathizing with the ?witch? and therefore be persecuted himself. Theodor also confesses to being a follower when he thinks about, but does not tell Marget to be careful with her actions when he knows people are becoming suspicious of her household. The Moral Sense and the idea of Man's tendency to follow the loud minority are taught to Theodor to be the flaws of mankind. Theodor learns from Satan's lessons when he considers that he is guilty of some of the things Satan has presented to him as being distinctly human. Book Reports

A Simple Guide to Become a School Board Member

A Simple Guide to Become a School Board Member The school board is the governing body of a school district. Board members are the only elected officials within an individual school district who have a say in the daily operations of that school district. A district is only as good as the board members who make up the entirety of the board. Becoming a school board member is not for everyone: You must be willing to listen to and work with others and be an adept and active problem solver. Boards where members bond and agree on most issues usually oversee an effective school district. Boards that are split and feud often have disarray and turmoil, which ultimately undermines the mission of schools in the district. A boards decisions matter: Poor decisions can lead to ineffectiveness, but good decisions will improve the overall quality of the school or schools in the district. Qualifications to Run for School Board There are five common qualifications that most states have in order to be eligible to be a candidate in a school board election. A school board candidate must: Be a registered voter.Be a resident of the district she is running inHave at least a high school diploma or a certificate of high school equivalencyNot have been convicted of a felonyNot be a current employee of the district and/or be related to a current employee in that district. Although these are the most common qualifications necessary to run for school board, it does vary from state to state. Check with your local election board for a more detailed list of required qualifications. Reasons to Become a School Board Member Becoming a school board member is a serious commitment. It takes quite a bit of time and dedication to be an effective school board member. Unfortunately, not every person who runs for a school board election is doing it for the right reasons. Each individual who chooses to be a candidate in a school board election does so for his own personal reasons. Candidates may run for a school board seat because they: Have a child in the district and want to have a direct impact on their education.Love politics and want to be an active participant in the political aspects of the school district.Want to serve and support the district.Believe they can make a difference in the overall quality of education that the school is providing.Have a personal vendetta against a teacher/coach/administrator and want to get rid of them. Composition of the School Board A school board is usually made up of three, five or seven members depending on the size and configuration of that district. Each position is an elected one and terms are typically either four or six years. Regular meetings are held once a month, typically at the same time each month (such as the second Monday of each month). A school board typically is made up of a president, vice president, and secretary. The positions are nominated and chosen by the board members themselves. Officer positions are typically chosen once a year. Duties of the School Board A school board is designed as the principle democratic body that represents local citizens on education and school-related issues. Being a school board member isn’t easy. Board members have to stay up-to-date on current educational issues, must be able to understand education jargon and have to listen to parents and other community members who want to pitch their idea on how to improve the district. The role of the board of education plays in a school district is vast. The board is responsible for hiring/evaluating/terminating the district superintendent. This is probably the most important duty of the board of education. The district’s superintendent is the face of the district and is ultimately responsible for managing the daily operations of the school district. Every district needs a superintendent who is trustworthy and who has a good relationship with their board members. When a superintendent and school board are not on the same page, chaos can ensue. The board of education develops policy and direction for the school district. The board of education also: Prioritizes and approves the budget for the school district.Has the final say on hiring school personnel and/or terminating a current employee in the district.Establishes the vision that reflects the overall goals of the community, staff, and the board.Makes decisions on school expansion or closure.Manages the collective bargaining process for the district’s employees.Approves many components of the district’s daily operations including the school calendar, contracts with outside vendors and curriculum The duties of a board of education are much more comprehensive than those listed above. Board members put in a lot of time in what essentially amounts to a volunteer position. Good board members are invaluable to a school district’s development and success.  The most effective school boards are arguably those that have a direct impact on nearly every facet of the school but do so in obscurity rather than the limelight.

Statement of Intent for a Councel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statement of Intent for a Councel - Essay Example I am sure with these qualities that I possess I will be able to cope up with the external pressures and will be able to come out with flying colors. I consider the global exposure that I have got as one of the big assets of mine. The important aspect of such an asset is that, it allows me to identify the concepts and ideas that could go well in accordance with each country in which they are implemented. As a result, I am confident enough to say that I have the ability to determine the success and impact of an idea in a particular region. My experiences with several regions come from the fact that I have been part of several governmental projects spanning across all parts of the world. With my team, we have expanded over 75 countries implementing developmental projects in different fields varying from judicial transparency, telemedicine to educational centers. I have a strong knowledge about partnering with government through these projects and the results of all those projects have a lways exceeded the expectations of the clients, providing them with the comfort of completing a profitable business. My team consists of 125 members and they are spread out, working across several countries. An important aspect of my team is that they are culturally diverse and hence there practices and customs differ accordingly. As the lead of the team, I have successfully overcome this challenge and instilled within each one of them a sense of unity and sameness. I have made sure to keep the team priorities first before attending to any individual favors. I am very proud that I have built a work environment that fosters growth and understands the differences between country specific challenges and works according to the specific cultural values. My knowledge about the diversities of the cultures, business and government transition processes in different regions and countries will assist me in the discussions and work groups that analyze global issues. My current position is perfo rmance driven. Hence, I have always worked as an indubitable worker, whose primary purpose has always been to give results that exceed expectations. I am sure I would continue with the same intent in this program too. My ability to take complex data and make it measurable and understandable is one of my greatest strengths. My focus is to ensure all outcomes are measurable in such a way that it allows me to analyze current and historical information in a rigorous manner. My working involves dissecting the process on which the data was produced to ensure that the information is not an anomaly but can be used by the team to understand or theorize a highly successful and a measurable outcome. Another aspect of my abilities that I would like to put forth here is my leadership skills. Obviously, one could understand that managing a 125 member team is no small thing. The fact that I have successfully managed such a team speaks in itself for my leadership skills. I am sure that such skills, exercised within this group, will be benefitting mutually. I have sharp inquisitive skills that allow me to identify, strategize and execute on an objective or problem. My daily involvement with the group will ensure a seamless communication between all group members, mentoring and developing skills and hence, gives an opportunity for an

Poverty in politics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Poverty in politics - Research Paper Example Empirical research evidence indicates that the united state political system had played a significant role of escalating cases of poverty and hunger across the entire economy. Whereby, instead of establishing measures that can help to address the issue of hunger and poverty. The United States political system tends too busy in executing policies that are jeopardizing the standards of living. For example, the government spends substantial amount of financial resources in Military rather than using this funds to execute programs that can improve both social and economic welfare of its citizens (World Hunger Information Service, paras1-2). Some of the methods used in carrying out this research include the application of case study research design whereby, the united state was selected out of 10 most economically powerful states, like China, Japan, Japan, Spain, Canada, Germany, Italy, United States, France and Russia. The united state was selected out of the above mention states using S imple random sampling techniques. Simple random sampling was utilized because it gives each element equal chances of inclusion into the study. Secondary research was, utilized in carrying out research on how poor politics in the United States led to escalating levels of poverty. ... d quantitatively (Sreenivasan and Jyotsna,pp.76-89) Therefore, the study of this topic is important because it helps to gain an insight on the aspects of poverty in the United States as well as measures that can be put in place to address this problem. Additionally, the study of this topic is important because it indicates ways in which government officials, agencies, and policies affect poverty /have led to an increase in poverty levels. The topic had had further explained the impact of poverty in the United Stated as well as measures that can be put in place to address poverty problems. In addition, the study of this is important because it provides fundamental basis for further research. Literature Review Aspect of the politics of poverty in the United States Poor political and economic policies have been highly attributed to be the main cause of an increase in the levels of poverty among the United States citizens. Some of the main aspects of politics of poverty include: The unit ed state has loosely organized political system that fails to address social and economic problems facing the U.S citizens. For example, the united state has only two political parties that are not well structure. This means that there are no enough watchdogs to scrutinize how the government is spending public resources and hence, the federal government tends to spend public financial resources in activities that bring fewer benefits to its citizens. In above connection, the united state political system had failed to address the issues facing its people but instead the federal government has been reported to make the situation even worse (Rector and Rachel,P.1-3) Empirical research evidence indicates that half of the United States budget tends to be allotted to ministry of security and

Charging Time Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Charging Time - Assignment Example Thus, Kevin’s independent moral duty is not compromised by taking the audit work home (Martocchio and Laio 222). At the same time, the consequence of losing clients is nullified by the fact that Kevin chooses not to charge the firm or the client for his time (Martocchio and Laio 222). Thus, Kevin should take the work home and not charge it to the job. If I were Kevin, it would be prudent to first increase my rate of audit work in order to cut on the time I use. The reason being, it will indicate an acceptance and a change in attitude to my work. Secondly, I would then work overtime and not charge the firm or client for this time. Doing so would prevent complacency by taking the remaining work with me home and ensure that all the day’s work is complete before I leave. On meeting 30 days later, I would explain my position to Bo and Moe as one in which I have taken action and made tremendous improvements in cutting down the time used in the audits. Hence, I deserve to remain in my position as I took their concerns positively and effected measures as evidenced by my

What Is Meant By Language Varieties?

What Is Meant By Language Varieties? Language is defined as a systematic use of sounds, gestures or symbols for communication. It has a complex system where the rules are not clearly stated and is productive as an infinite number of sentences can be produced once the rules are learned. Varieties of Language The expressions and uses of a language varies in many ways. The diagram below illustrates these language varieties : Language Varieties Participants Geographical Registers Social Historical Medium Topics Setting 1. Historical i) Old English it was descended from the languages spoken by the Germanic tribes when they invaded England around 500 AD. The various dialects spoken by these invaders formed the early English language. ii) Middle English was the result of the French influence of the Normans and lasted from 1100-1500 AD iii) Modern English is broken into early Modern English and late Modern English.The former began around the time of playwright, William Shakespeare. Late Modern English occurred around 1800 during British conquest and colonisation of other parts of the world. 2. Geographical English may be the native language of England but due to various reasons such as: colonisation, migration, globalisation, cultural, economic, etc, it had spread to other countries around the world. However, the language used in these different countries developed independently from the original language due to influences by local languages. These influences cause, among other things, the differences in the pronunciation, thus producing their distinctive accent. Some forms of these are: American English Australian English Indian English In certain regions,there are different versions of the same language called dialects. These dialects have different grammar, vocabulary and accent. Eg : Cantonese ( dialect of Mandarin); Aboriginal English (Australia). 3. Social It refers to the use of the language in terms of the social class or identity. Eg: The upper class society in Britain tend to use Received Pronunciation (RP) also known as Queens English or BBC English while others tend to use Cockney English. 4. Registers These are variations caused by : i) Setting It has a large influence in the application of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). Different industries such as Legal, IT, Food Beverage, Technical or Hotel Service has their own grammar or technical jargon. Eg : Lawyers would use formal or legal terms in the execution of their papers or court hearings whereas an electrician needs to understand technical terms to issue instructions or to describe repairs. ii) Participants The age, sex, group identity and roles will influence the language used. Age A different variety of language is used when talking to children, eg. Peekaboo than when talking to a peer. Sex Females tend to be more hyperbolic or expressive in their speech while males speech is more subdued. Roles The role we play in our day-to-day contact with others affect the way we speak. Eg ; as a spouse, colleague, parent, teacher, etc. iii) Topic Different subjects have its own specialized set of vocabulary and grammar usage. Eg : A disc jockey and a priest would use different sets of the same language to convey their messages. iv) Medium It can be visual or auditory. Visual (reading and writing) In reading, there are different degrees of formality and also more vocabulary than in listening. In writing, grammatical rules need to be applied and time is needed to interpret the written word Auditory (speaking and listening) Having good listening skills certainly helps one to pick up and improve on speaking skills, esp. in intonations, grammar or vocabulary. In speech, words are usually accompanied by body gestures to convey the message. Words spoken rarely needs to be interpreted, unlike written words. Conclusion As the usage of English language expands across the globe, influences from local cultures, language or from new discoveries in Science and Technology will evolve the language, making it more varied than ever. References: wapedia.mobi/en/Variety_(linguistics Categories: Linguistics | Varieties of English www.icalweb.com/wiki/Varieties_of_English An Introduction to International Varieties of English by L Bauer Related articles Q2. What is Communicative Competency? Communicative competence refers to a language users grammatical knowledge of syntax, morphology, phonology, etc as well as social knowledge about how and when to use utterances appropriately.(Dell Hymes,1966) The desired outcome is the ability to use the language correctly and appropriately to accomplish communication goals, not the ability to use the language exactly as a native speaker does. This outcome depends on : 1) Appropriateness in Speech Other than having knowledge of the words and rules of the language (linguistics), one must also learn not just to say what one means but to use the right words to suit the situation. The words used in to communicate with a friend may deem to be inappropriate when speaking to your headmaster. Eg : Hi! Buddy, have a jolly good day. Good Morning, Mr. Brown Speech can be classified into : Casual/Intimate Speech It is easy going and natural, mainly occurring between family, friends or people whom you are comfortable with. It may contain many omitted forms of grammar and missing words . Eg : Want tea? I go home now. You coming ?. ii) Formal Speech It is more careful but also natural. Proper word sentences and grammar rules are observed and may be used in office or court settings between employer-employee, lawyer-client, etc. iii) Ceremonial Speech It tends to be more unnatural where the rhythm and intonation are quite different from normal speech. 2) Appropriateness in Writing Competency in writing, such as knowledge of grammatical rules, spelling, etc cannot be overlooked. However, different situations dictate different styles of writing. i) Telegrams Where the main message or the gist of it has to be communicated in the shortest time, correct grammar form used may be inappropriate. ii) Essays It is formal writing where grammatical rules, semantics, spelling, etc has to be observed. iii) Poetry The poetic style of writing may not follow the grammatical rules of the language. iv) Legal Document The terms and language used have to be very formal and expressively written. 3) Appropriateness in Setting Being competent in using the language appropriately in a social setting will enable you to be understood and accepted. The setting is influenced by: i) Participant The social status, sex and age will affect the style of speech . Eg: speech use to communicate with a child is different from communicating with an adult. ii) Topic Speech used depend on the subject. Eg; words used for a recipe discussion will include ingredients, method, measures while IT skills will include computer,download,printer. In conclusion, where English is taught as a foreign or second language, it has become widely accepted that communicative competence should be the goal of language acquisition. This is unlike previous views in which linguistics competence was commonly given top priority. References: En.wikipedia.org/wiki/communicative competence www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/knowledge-wiki/communicative competence www.nclrc.org/essentials/goalsmethods/goal.htm Section B Q1 What are the various stages of L1 acquisition? How does this knowledge help us in L2 teaching? Language is commonly defined as any means of conveying or communicating ideas and language acquisition is learning how to communicate these ideas. It is the process by which people acquire the ability to perceive, produce and apply the words to communicate. First language(L1), which is also known as native language or mother tongue is acquired naturally due to ones needs to communicate in order to fulfil his wants. Acquisition Of First Language It occurs in stages from birth. Stage 1 : Pre Speech Babies respond to speech around them more keenly than to other sounds and from birth, will learn to pay attention and distinguish the following in their environment before they speak : i) speech phonemes of the language, eg the speech sound of t and d in bat and bad; ii) intonation the rising and falling intonations iii) rhythm of speech phonological or system of speech patterns in the language used. Stage 2 : Babbling Babies begin to babble from around 3 to 4 months old. It is basically speech sounds with rising and falling intonations. These indiscriminate utterances (eg dadadaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ or nananaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..) do not make sense to the listener but the baby appears to understand the meaning of it. Stage 3 : One word (Holophrastic) stage At about ten months, infants start to utter their first recognizable words although: i) pronunciations may be inaccurate eg : eep for sleep ii) vocalized words may not correlate with words in the language eg meh for cat or ta for duck iii) certain words may be distorted eg goggy for doggie iv) reduplication of words eg da-da,na-na Stage 4 : Two word stage Babies are able to say mini sentences with simple semantic links from 18 months onwards. Eg : cat no (there is no cat ) At this stage, their ability to express is not as advanced as an adult. The semantic use of words are either too broad or too narrow. He may call any round item : ball or only himself and no one else boy However, these underextensions and overextensions develop and change over time. Stage 5 Multi word Stage (Telegraphic Stage): By two years, most children are able to speak in sentences of several words. These telegraphic sentence structures are made up of lexical morphemes which are grammatically incomplete. Eg No eat instead of I wont eat. Stage 6 Normal speech: By about 3 years of age, they would have acquired grammatical and functional structures of words to be able to conduct normal speech. Second language (L2) is any language learned after the first language. Unlike L1, it is normally acquired in order to integrate with the environment.and is achieved through active learning and motivation. As L2 learners follows the same stages of acquisition as L1 learners, it is beneficial if we understand and apply these stages because it will help us to educate L2 learners more effectively. Acquisition of Second Language The stages that L2 learners go through are: Stage 1 : Silent Stage In an environment which is similar to the Pre-Speech Stage of L1, they hear and learn to recognize the distinctive sounds of words and pronunciations. During this silent stage, they may not speak but can respond various ways such as pointing to an object, person or gesturing with a yes and no response. Stage 2 : Early Speech During this stage, utterances of first words (holophrastic) gradually make way to speaking a few simple words and then, simple phrases of the language. Mispronunciations are common during this stage and sentences are telegraphic in nature. Stage 3 : Speech Emergence Learners try to form sentences and will make mistakes in the grammatical structuring of the sentences. By making use of the Mean Length of Utterance (MLU), the development of the learner can be assessed by measuring the morphemes uttered. Eg Early In Between Later You eat? You eating? Are you eating? From the early stage of 2 morphemes, it develops to 3 and then finally 4 morphemes where the grammar and syntax are in order. Stage 4 Language Proficiency Learners are capable of using complex sentences and apply the acquired language to a greater extent. They can opine, discuss and most importantly, begin to think in the second language. Teachers Role In all the above stages, the teacher takes the important role of the mother where she encourages, repeats and reinforces the language. By motivating and making the learners feel secure in a conducive environment, learners will be more willing and confident to acquire a second language.

Compare and contrast the presentation of oppressionin I Am Not That Ess

Compare and contrast the presentation of oppressionin I Am Not That Woman and Still I Rise. The poems I am studying are 'I Am Not That Woman' by Kishwar Naheed and 'Still I Rise' by Maya Angelou, both in the twentieth century. Both poets have based the poems on their own experiences of suppression in their different cultures and they both continue to end with feelings of hope.The poems show the different reactions and attitudes of two very different women who in similar circumstances. In 'I Am Not That Woman', the poet has been oppressed in her culture of the Asian society. By this she has been oppressed by the traditional values of the Eastern culture but especially by her father and husband. She is also trying to overcome this suppression but is not really sure where she wants to go next with her life. In 'Still I Rise', she has been suppressed by the white people of South America but she has overcome this and thinks of herself as superior to the white racists. I will begin by discussing 'I Am Not That Woman'. The main theme to the poem is set in the Asian society, Eastern culture. Although there is a new theme introduced in every verse, they all add to the main theme of oppression. The woman is in the situation of being forced into having an arranged marriage and not having any freedom because of it. The poet seems bitter towards her father and husband. She seems strong because she has got through her problems so far and is angry and resentful about the whole situation. She seems adamant to not let it happen to her for much longer. The poem has no structure and no rhyming scheme, therefore written as free verse. Each verse of the poem is directed towards a certain person in particular - her fath... ...ks around with pride and dignity, with the reference to the oil wells as her acting as if she is rich, with the imagery of her literally having oil wells in her living room. She expresses herself effectively by the repetition of the title, 'Still I Rise' in the poem, where she means she is rising above the white racists. In conclusion I like both poems equally but think that 'Still I Rise' is the more effective poem. I think this because the poet is stronger and more confident in what she has written about. The language used in 'Still I Rise' is easier to understand at first glance than 'I Am Not That Woman' which would also make people prefer 'Still I Rise' because not as much needs explaining or working out. Although I prefer the imagery in 'I Am Not That Woman' such as the 'garden' which was used early on in the poem and then mentioned again later on.

Role Of Health Care Organizations Health And Social Care Essay

Health Care Organizations. The function of wellness attention organisations is really of import in the overall wellness scenario of United States. Health attention organisations are dedicated to supply comprehensive wellness services to the patients. These wellness attention organisations provide the services of doctors, nurses, research labs etc. for the patient. However, it has been forecasted by many economic analysts that the wellness disbursals in United States will see a uninterrupted rush due to the deteriorating economic conditions and the increasing figure of uninsured people. This has compelled the infirmaries and other health care supplying units to restrict their disbursals to such an extent that every citizen, conditions holding medical insurance or non, will hold the entree to quality health care. The restrain of disbursals besides affects the staffing of infirmaries and most of the infirmaries follow the scheme of understaffing of their paramedical staff ( Aiken et al. , 2002 ; Unruh, 2003 ) . The authorities of United States in order to supply greater alleviation and convenience to little concerns in the state is hungering programs and explicating policies to supply them wellness insurances which will cover up to 35 % of a company ‘s insurance premiums. With the offering of insurance increasing up to 59 % this twelvemonth the White House anticipates that over 4 million people will be able to take advantage of this agreeableness. Furthermore the authorities intends to supply full revenue enhancement recognition will be provided to employers who have work force of less than 10 employees who earn less than $ 25,000 per annum. In add-on to this the disposal is besides looking frontward towards the retainment of grandfathered wellness insurance programs as it will supply employers the unsusceptibility from certain cardinal outgos. However on the impudent side little business communities and National Federation of Independent Business has already created an confederation to oppose and turn over the jurisprudence which they claim does non supply them equal alleviation and convenience. Most of them say that the eligibility standards outlined by the authorities is so narrow that many employees will merely be barred from these insurance commissariats. Many people have started traveling towards cheaper insurance programs through which their monthly insurance premium payments will cut down. Already 20 provinces have joined custodies to oppose the jurisprudence that the Obama disposal intends to proclaim. Experts besides suggest that preparation of such Torahs will work adversely for the Democrats in the approaching midterm elections as it provides a comprehendible manifestation of their incompetency and indifference towards an built-in sector of the state. Forces of alteration in US Health attention system The wellness attention state of affairs of United States of America is altering at a rapid gait. Several tendencies combined over the last few decennaries to make greater wellness attention unfairnesss. Both Medicaid and Medicare, for illustration, contributed to aggressively lifting medical costs because they required province authoritiess to reimburse infirmaries and doctors at ‘reasonable ‘ degrees determined by wellness attention suppliers. Predictably, reimbursement was really generous and disbursals grew rapidly. Such skyrocketing medical costs, combined with the general lethargy of the economic system put wellness attention out of range for many Americans. The loss of 1000000s of occupations during the recent economic meltdown added to the turning figure of people without medical insurance. The staying occupations ‘ progressively nonunion, portion clip places in the services sector ‘ offered few, if any wellness benefits. The promotion and invention of engineering in the field of medical scientific discipline has confirmed huge blessings on world. New medical specialties emerged mundane to extenuate a figure of diseases. Pharmaceutical and biomedical companies work indefatigably to develop medical specialties for such diseases, which considered as incurable in the past like Cancer ( Vastag, 1998 ) . United States is one of the most medically advanced states of the universe. Anybody who can afford or hold the proper health care coverage has entree to the best available medical engineering ( Bodenheimer, 2006 ) . Translating new engineering into pattern resulted greater per capita health care outgo ( Bodenheimer, 2005 ) . Thus engineering and invention in the medical field is an of import ground for wellness attention outgo ( Cutler & A ; McClellan, 2001 ) . Harmonizing to the US Bureau of the Census, the fastest turning section of the population in 1990 was grownups and seniors. In the twelvemonth 2000, 36 per centum of the population of the United States was over 45 old ages old, as compared to 30.8 per centum in this class in 1980. Alternatively of being youth-oriented in the hereafter, the United States will go a senior orientated civilization. Health disbursals of a individual increases as his or her age additions. However, experts believe that the factor of aging population contributes really small in the addition of wellness attention outgo ( Orszag, 2008 ) . Harmonizing to the informations provided by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , in the twelvemonth 2003 United States spends about 7.3 per centum of its entire wellness attention outgo on administrative and insurance costs as compared to Canada which spends merely 2.6 % on administrative and insurance costs ( Schoen & A ; How, 2003 ) . Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ( CMS ) have besides performed some surveies which show that United States administrative cost for wellness insurance was 14.3 % of its entire wellness attention outgo in 2005 ( Centers for Medicare & A ; Medicaid Services, 2005 ) . Although the alteration of US healthcare scene is non confined to these factors merely but they are some of the major subscribers for the continuously altering healthcare scene. Need for Health and Well Program The first inquiry that pops in head before planing a wellness and health plan for a private corporation is to understand the necessity due to which such a plan is being incepted. By inventing the demand and grounds for the plan any corporation can measure the full issue in greater item and penetration. Furthermore different complications that can be encountered during the class of the full plan can be analyzed in progress and prior to the launching of the plan and out of all these outstanding characteristics it is most of import to happen out a valid ground which can legalize and warrant the demand of such a plan. There are really two dimensions through which we can happen a rational account for such wellness and health plans. The grounds can be biological every bit good as accommodate commercial involvements. Biological grounds include the inauspicious effects of work overload on employee wellness which has become a prima cause of decease for people who develop marks and symptoms of diseases like malignant neoplastic disease, bosom onslaught and shot. Due to work emphasis and huge burden many employees in their several corporations besides develop the wont of smoke. Harmonizing to statistics that were published in 2004 edition of American Medical Journal it was estimated that smoking in the twelvemonth 2000 killed over 435,000 which surged from 400,000 in the twelvemonth 1990. Most of the victims of smoking included people from different corporations who engaged in this harmful and deadly wont due to the work load that they encountered in their corporations. Another really major ground which farther aggravated the demand of wellness plans from organisations included the increasing rate of fleshiness threat. One of the grounds that were held accountable for fleshiness included deficiency of physical activity and vigorous exercising since most of the clip in organisations is spend in forepart of computing machines either making office work or playing video games on computing machine systems. ( Nichols, 2007 ) In add-on to this the quickly progressively and booming concern of fast nutrient ironss through which people can easy buy and entree nutrient has besides proved as an effectual barrier in lending any benefit to their already anaemic province of wellness. It is a clearly understood that a squad of people who is excessively careworn and fatigued to transport his or her ain weight can non perchance afford or manage the duties and load of the work that his or her corporation provides him with and the progressively competitory environment of modern-day corporate industry does non let any topographic point to employees who can non get the better of their weariness or fleshiness syndrome. This really ground links itself to the fact where organisations in the aftermath of researching their corporate societal duties launch plans that cater to the wellness and health of their employees under organisational conditions. Organizations and different corporations in the thick of detecting a new component of marketing through the CSR factor provided their employees with the inducement of originating wellness and health plans for them through which they were successfully able to heighten their degree of trust and repute among their employees and besides boosted their public dealingss by supplying a wholly new run in order to elate their image in forepart of people. Hence the corporate involvements of employees every bit good as of employers led to the origin of the wellness and health plans at an organisational degree. ( Health and Wellness, 2010 ) Current jobs and fiscal defects in the US wellness system United States Health attention plan helps the older and the hapless citizens of the United States. The authorities of United States spends about Eighteen per centum of its GDP in its Healthcare plan, which is highest as compared to the Health attention Systems of other states ( Danzon ) . It is besides to be noted that United States is the lone state, among the developed states, which have about 15 percent population without any medical coverage. Other developed states, on norm, spend 9 per centum of their GDP on wellness attention ( OECD, 2006 ) . Switzerland is at 2nd topographic point in wellness attention disbursement which is $ 4177 per individual. Other industrialised states are non passing more than $ 3200 per individual Unlike other postwar industrialized states, the United States has moved really easy toward comprehensive wellness attention for all citizens. In 1965, Congress established the Medicare plan to function the aged and handicapped, and Medicaid to assist the hapless and institutionalised. For the most portion, nevertheless, United States health care plan has dependent on nongovernmental plans. Peoples have had to happen their ain, private beginning of wellness attention. While this system suit our free-market economic theoretical account and has provided the universe ‘s finest medical intervention to insured patients, it has besides meant that a big figure of Americans have had hapless entree to wellness attention. Although United States is one of the states, which spends batch of money in health care but ‘the consequences are non evident either in Americans ‘ satisfaction with their wellness attention system or in their wellness. Consequences are unsatisfactory in infant endurance, the length and quality of life, and entree to wellness attention, peculiarly for hapless people, and communities of colour. The United States has met merely about 15 per centum of the aims set by Healthy People 2000. While advancement has been made toward the aims in another 44 per centum, Americans ‘ wellness has really deteriorated for approximately 20 per centum of the aims ( e.g. , fleshiness, physical activity, coffin nail usage among striplings ) ‘ ( NCHS 1997, p. 2 ) . United States has experienced steady addition in the wellness attention costs for the last 2 to 3 decennaries. In the decennary of 1980s, US expenditure on wellness attention was $ 253 billion which has increased to $ 714 billion in the decennary of 1990s. Soon, US health care outgo is more than $ 2.7 trillion ( Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2010 ) . US spend about $ 7, 681 per occupant which is about 18 per centum of the entire Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) of the state. It is expected that by the twelvemonth 2015 US wellness attention disbursement will make $ 4 trillion and sum to 20 % of the entire GDP The statistics have proved that 60 to 70 per centum of the entire wellness attention outgo of United States is consumed by the 10 per centum of the population. This 10 per centum of population which generates most wellness attention costs are either suffered from chronic disease, disabled or hapless. The undermentioned figure shows the five costliest wellness conditions that cost United States most out of pocket costs. Actually talking, United States does non supply a coherent patient-centered attention for the above mentioned minority group which is one the factors of overall addition in the wellness attention outgo ( Ayanian et. al. , 2000 ) . Harmonizing to the Institute of Medicine, the quality of attention is â€Å" the grade to which wellness services for persons and populations increase the likeliness of coveted wellness results and are consistent with current professional cognition ‘ ( Institute of Medicine, 1990 ) . But at the same clip this plan is besides blamed, ‘for the bounds of its range in supplying wellness insurance to the hapless, its ties to the public assistance system and image jobs, its fluctuations across States, and the financial loads imposed on Federal and State budgets as the plan has grown in range and disbursement ‘ ( Rowland, 1995 ; pg. 272 ) . United States wellness attention system, being a immense system, has besides established inefficiency which proves to be a barrier to the invention of this $ 2.7 trillion industry. This inefficiency, despite all the mechanization and technological inventions, consequences the loss of $ 300 billion, i.e. 15 cents per dollar spent on wellness attention The figure of uninsured is continuously lifting due to several factors. These uninsured people are really likely to populate without proper wellness coverage because of the turning load of wellness attention ( Institute of Medicine, 2002 ) . As consumers are fighting to get by with the mounting out-of-pocket liabilities, the suppliers are seeking to better their falling grosss by revamping their concern processes to diminish the turning bad debt and to better pull off the payments from the consumers. A common perceptual experience is that consumers are unwilling to pay for their wellness attention outgo. However, the study, conducted by McKinsey quarterly, suggested that consumers are normally willing to pay but the charge system inefficiencies, deficiency of funding options and consumer ‘s confusion are the chief grounds of non ‘ payment ( Finn, Pellathy and Singhal, 2009 ) . It is pertinent to province the position of Healthcare Financial Management Association, ‘ In many ways, the state ‘s current health care payment system blocks, instead than supports, the state ‘s wellness ends: The system does non efficaciously reward health or high quality. The system does non promote social benefit such as entree to care. And the system creates fiscal instability by adding cost and complexness to wellness disposal, by honoring high-cost patterns, and by concentrating on expensive sickness-focused intercessions instead than health. ‘ ( Healthcare Financial Management Association, 2008 ) . Stakeholders in Health attention organisation The uninterrupted alterations in the health care field have wholly changed the position of infirmaries and wellness attention organisations and they are now acted more like a concern venture than a societal service organisation ( Shortell, Morrison & A ; Robbins, 1985 ) . This new altering environment has compelled the disposal of wellness attention organisation to take all the concerns of the stakeholders earnestly and now stakeholders are act uponing the personal businesss of wellness attention organizations whether it belong to disposal, fiscal or quality attention issues ( Blair & A ; Fottler, 1990 ) . Although the stakeholders are the same for both non-profit-making and for net income wellness organisations ; however, their power and influence is different depending on the construction of the wellness attention organisation ( Kralewski, Gifford & A ; Porter, 1988 ) . Although there are legion groups of stakeholders, but harmonizing to a survey ( Fottler et al. , 1989 ) , the und ermentioned five are the most influential and powerful. 1. Medical Staff 2. Patients 3. Hospital Management 4. Professional Staff 5. Board of Trustees The penchants of all these stakeholders are different. Medical and Professional staff stress more on quality of wellness attention provided to the patients. Patients are besides concerned about the service and clinical quality but cost of the quality wellness attention is besides one of their major concerns. Hospital direction focuses on the leading, profitableness and cost containment of health care services. Board of legal guardians who have the reins of control of overall infirmary direction attention largely for the profitableness, regular watercourse of hard currency flow and effectual and efficient use of resources. The disposal and executives of wellness attention organisations normally formulate attempt to explicate a scheme which satisfy all the stakeholders because they have overlapping ends and involvements ( Counte, 1995 ) . Recommendation for how best wellness attention could be delivered 1. Determine the gross beginnings available for subsidising the wellness attention coverage farther with a end to cover all the Americans in wellness attention insurance cyberspace ; as all the above treatment show there are 1000000s of uninsured people in America which prove to be an tremendous load on the economic system of United States. There is a demand to cover as many people as possible under wellness attention insurance by mobilising the bing gross beginnings every bit good as by making new resources like taxing baccy, cresting the revenue enhancement exclusion of employer based wellness insurance etc. 2. Create, in order to pool hazards, insurances exchanges at province or regional footing. Such exchanges will be good for those Americans besides who do non take part in employer-based or other group insurance installations. 3. Establish a board with representation of all the stakeholders of wellness attention system. This board determines and updates the wellness attention benefit bundle of United States citizens through province or regional degree insurance exchanges. Challenges for infirmaries It has been estimated that mean cost of a trial is within the scope of $ 200 to $ 400, accompanied with the medical charges of the concerned physician which are $ 10 to $ 15 and if the status is much serious, which is a usual instance with chronic infections, the cost is above $ 300. It has been forecasted by many economic analysts that the wellness disbursals in United States will see a uninterrupted rush due to the deteriorating economic conditions which has sidelined companies to supply any sort of medical benefit to their employees, authorities institutional wellness reform programs is non deadening any fruit and private sector seems excessively intimidated to assure anything that in the long tally erodes its credibleness. Furthermore, the load of the 47 million uninsured people of the state is being sustained on the disbursal of the 253.4 million people that have medical insurance as disclosed by the statistics released by Census Bureau. Harmonizing to analysts the misdirection and the huge pandemonium occupying the wellness sector in the United States is chiefly an result of unprofessional behavior and a manifestation of utmost carelessness in the allotment of fiscal resources which has resulted in an instability between the end product and input being generated by the sector. At present the end product easy surpasses the input and if concrete stairss are non taken to decide the job, the ensuing effects will be badly inauspicious and irrevokable. Clinical attention of patients are become more and more ambitious with the transition of clip. At the same clip infirmaries face troubles in supplying quality wellness attention service in present economic status. In the twelvemonth 2000, harmonizing to American Hospital Association, 1 out of 3 infirmaries showed losingss, 58 % have negative borders on Medicare patients and 73 % reported loss in handling Medicaid patients ( American Hospital Association, 2002 ) . Doctor ‘s Organization Like others in concern, doctors must vie for paying patients. Doctors are no longer in short supply, except in urban slums and remote rural countries, and find themselves in a purchaser ‘s market. Besides they frequently enter pattern with medical school debts of 100s of 1000s of dollars. All this force per unit area conflicts with the doctor ‘s professional moralss to urge medical service to patients without seeking to maximum fees. Agreements with makers of medical merchandises and drugs may honor doctors for ordering or urging merchandises that are more expensive. Doctors might direct patient to wellness attention installations, such as research labs, convalescent places, in which they are fiscal involvement. The function and duty of doctor ‘s organisation is to set up, ‘Performance measures'if done right'have possible to measure physician public presentation, better the quality of patient attention, heighten the coordination and direction of attention, and reward doctors who meet or exceed the benchmarks set by public presentation steps. However, if applied in a bureaucratic, arbitrary, or punitory mode, public presentation measuring can impede quality and injury patient attention, undermine the physician'patient relationship, and cause physician defeat and calling dissatisfaction ‘ ( ACF, 2004 ) . In the new system, payments should depend on the efficient bringing of quality wellness attention services which leads towards the betterment of the overall status of the patients. Role of Nursing Organization Nurses provide attention, non merely for physical unwellness, but besides for emotional, mental, societal and religious jobs to guarantee the complete healing of the patient ( Donabedian, 1988 ) . In the last century nursing has made a phenomenal accomplishment that it has led to the acknowledgment of nursing as a profession and a separate educational subject. Contemporary nursing is now more meaningful and important because of theory-based pattern which shifted nursing ‘s focal point from career to an organized profession. It was research and theory together which produced nursing scientific discipline. Nursing theory fundamentally suggests that nursing should be given professional instruction during which they will analyze a aggregation of interrelated topics which will be applied in their pattern. The cognition may be derived from experimental acquisition or formal beginnings such as nursing beginnings or nursing research. Nursing is a scientific discipline affecting many pe ople environment and procedure in the context of health care. It is the duty of nursing organisation to guarantee that all wellness attention organisations may hold a sufficient PTN ratio. Overburdened nurses increase the chance of foetal mistake happening and diminish the labour cost economy. Statisticss revealed that traveling from 6:1 to 7:1 costs 1.4 extra lives lost per 1000 admittances. There are 38 million infirmary admittances per twelvemonth in the United States ( Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2002 ) , therefore, little addition in PTN ratio, i.e. 7:1 to 6:1, may ensue in significant figure of lives saved. Improvement in Clinical Support Services The American wellness attention system provides first-class intervention for insured patients, but many people have hapless entree to the system, and unfairnesss have late increased due to many factors. The free market attack is seemly non an attack that could be used in a wellness attention system when there is non the engagement of all parties, such as those that are uninsured. It has been reported that the 47 million uninsured Americans without wellness insurance are mostly borne by those with insurance. The undermentioned betterments are recommended in clinical support services: ‘ Rewards the invention in efficient bringing of wellness attention ‘ Establish a well-and firmly funded entity which continuously perform research on efficiency and effectivity of drugs, wellness attention devices, diagnosing and procedures and processs of wellness attention ‘ Federal and State Torahs must be made more consistent and rational ‘ Establish Information Technology substructure in wellness attention in order to ease informations exchange ‘ Create a National wellness attention database which will be available to all the stakeholders and research workers Social and Economic footing for the growing of the Uninsured in America Several tendencies combined over the last few decennaries to make greater wellness attention unfairnesss. Both Medicaid and Medicare, for illustration, contributed to aggressively lifting medical costs because they required province authoritiess to reimburse infirmaries and doctors at ‘reasonable ‘ degrees determined by wellness attention suppliers. Predictably, reimbursement was really generous and disbursals grew rapidly. Such skyrocketing medical costs, combined with the general lethargy of the economic system put wellness attention out of range for many Americans. The loss of 1000000s of occupations during the recent economic meltdown added to the turning figure of people without medical insurance. The staying occupations ‘ progressively nonunion, portion clip places in the services sector ‘ offered few, if any wellness benefits. The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( AIDS ) epidemic put an added load on the US wellness attention system. The disease claimed over 80, 000 lives up to 1990. Many of these patients are unemployed, and lack medical insurance, and have unmet demands beyond wellness attention, including guidance services, lodging, and transit. As the disease spreads, the costs of research, intervention, and lost productiveness add up to one million millions of dollars each twelvemonth. For these grounds force per unit area grew for wellness attention reforms in United States. Harmonizing to a study of Institute of Medicine, the future wellness policy must place further the of import maps of the policy, i.e. service, policy development and appraisal. These would besides better the overall quality of different state-owned undertakings. A panel from the platform of Institute of Medicine gave the undermentioned recommendations: ‘that every populace wellness bureau on a regular basis and consistently roll up, assemble, analyze, and do available information on the wellness of the community, including statistics on wellness position, community wellness demands, and epidemiological and other surveies of wellness jobs†¦ ‘ ‘That the public wellness responsibilities of provinces should include†¦ appraisal of demands in the province based on informations aggregation ; confidence of an equal statutory base for wellness activities ; †¦ constitution of statewide wellness aims ; †¦ confidence of appropriate organized statewide attempt to develop and keep indispensable†¦ wellness services†¦ ‘ ( Institute of Medicine, 1988 ) . Reasons for addition in wellness attention costs The steady addition of healthcare outgo coupled with the present planetary economic meltdown and lifting federal shortage makes it really dashing undertaking for United States to finance the wellness attention outgo either through private employers wellness insurance coverage or through public plans like Medicare and Medicaid. This has besides compelled the wellness insurance companies to increase their wellness insurance premium rate. Now the household premium of employer-sponsored wellness insurance has increased by 131 per centum since 1999 ( Kaiser Family Foundation and Health Research and Educational Trust, 2009 ) . Public plans like Medicare and Medicaid portion a major ball of entire wellness attention outgo duty but they failed to increase their per capita disbursement with the same gait as private insurance companies do, i.e. 6.8 against 7.1 per centum between the period 1998 to 2008 ( Altman, Levitt and Claxton, 2010 ) . Invention and Technology The promotion and invention of engineering in the field of medical scientific discipline has confirmed huge blessings on world. It draws the line between the old epoch and the modern epoch of brightness, between human retardation and advancement, between the life of wretchednesss and the era of felicity and cognition, between work forces ‘s foolish beliefs and scientific enquiry and research. The present epoch is the period of rapid alteration and inventions. New medical specialties emerged mundane to extenuate a figure of diseases. These medical specialties cut down the opportunities of coronary arteria disease, coronary artery disease, and bosom onslaught etc. Pharmaceutical and biomedical companies work indefatigably to develop medical specialties for such diseases, which considered as incurable in the past like Cancer ( Vastag, 1998 ) . Biomedical companies besides working on different vaccinums to extinguish diseases like Hepatitis C, which leads to chronic infections and liver failures ( Stratton et al. , 1999 ) . Similarly Curative vaccinum is best for forestalling malignant neoplastic diseases in general and vaccinum for villoma virus is supposed to forestall malignant neoplastic diseases of neck in peculiar. Aging Harmonizing to the US Bureau of the Census, the fastest turning section of the population in 1990 was grownups and seniors. In the twelvemonth 2000, 36 per centum of the population of the United States was over 45 old ages old, as compared to 30.8 per centum in this class in 1980. Alternatively of being youth-oriented in the hereafter, the United States will go a senior orientated civilization ( Way, 2000 ) . It has been estimated that merely 50 % of the citizens under the age bracket of 55 to 64 old ages are in work in developing states as compared to 75 % of 25 to 54 old ages old and this per centum shrinks further in EU states, i.e. merely 39 % . It is besides estimated that aging population of United States will turn about 80 per centum during the period of 2000 to 2025 ( U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 ) . Health disbursals of a individual increases as his or her age additions. However, experts believe that the factor of aging population contributes really small in the addition of wellness attention outgo ( Orszag, 2008 ) . Decision Peoples cope with life ‘s uncertainnesss, particularly mortality and disease, utilizing medical specialty. Medical scientific discipline uses non a sacred but a profane attack covering with the ordinary, platitude and layman. The hapless suffer more wellness jobs than the remainder of the society as a consequence of low quality wellness attention, more life emphasiss, and fewer get bying resources. Functionalists claim that the wellness attention establishment helps keep a strong work force, but conflict theoreticians argue that it has historically shifted the incrimination for sick wellness from the environment to the laden hapless and through medicalization has extended its control over of all time more parts of society. Even today, medical scientific discipline focal points on the person ‘s duties for illness instead than societal causes. The capitalist system causes the wellness jobs, but uses the medical establishments to get away incrimination and even net income from them. Suggested options include more authorities intercession and greater consumer instruction. The American wellness attention system provides first-class intervention for insured patients, but many people have hapless entree to the system, and unfairnesss have late increased due to many factors. This has promoted calls for reforms, including free, cosmopolitan wellness attention which most other modern states offer to their citizens. Many of these states, nevertheless, have retreated from socialized medical specialty because of lifting cost and increasing consumer demands. The free market attack is seemly non an attack that could be used in a wellness attention system when there is non the engagement of all parties, such as those that are uninsured. It has been reported that the 47 million uninsured Americans without wellness insurance are mostly borne by those with insurance. There is a measure of 2.7 trillion yearly for the cost of attention on United States economic system to care for the uninsured and about three 4th of this is paid by the Federal, State and local authoritiess through a assortment of destitute attention payments. The extra disbursals is push away on to the private sector. There are 299 million people in the United States in 2007 and out of that sum there is about 253.4 million that have wellness insurance ( Cover, 2009 ) . The huge bulk of those 202 million had private wellness insurance, harmonizing to the Census Bureau and those Numberss double as of 2009. Numerous factors combined together to make unfairnesss in United States wellness attention system. State and Federal authorities have to reimburse the wellness attention disbursals of people through Medicare, Medicaid and other authorities sponsored plans liberally which grew at a rapid gait due to the crisp addition in wellness attention cost. The present glooming economic status of United States, loss of 1000000s of occupations increased the figure of uninsured people and added more load on the already bowed down shoulders of US Government. In such a state of affairs, it seems instead, farfetched that US authorities will go on to bear wellness attention disbursal of the uninsured and underinsured people. The continuously increasing fiscal liability of supplying wellness attention services to the uninsured proved to be a hinderance which does non let the system to work decently and an hindrance to supply the wellness attention benefit to the meriting portion of the society.

Scrivener 3 Dont Use it Until You Read This!

Scrivener 3 Dont Use it Until You Read This! Scrivener 3: Don't Use it Until You Read This! If you’re familiar with the writing tools provided by Literature and Latte, you might already know about - and be using - Scrivener 3.But if you’re a Scrivener 2 user who’s hesitant to make the switch because of Scrivener’s steep learning curve, or if you’re a Windows user who’s simply waiting for Literature and Latte to release a compatible version of Scrivener 3, we’ve got some advice to help you make the decision - or just tide you over.Before we start talking about the new functionalities on offer, let’s quickly cover what Scrivener actually is. 📚 Debating whether or not to switch to Scrivener 3? This review might help. What is Scrivener?Scrivener by Literature and Latte is a word processor for Windows and Mac, designed expressly for writers - fiction and nonfiction authors, screenwriters, journalists, academics, and more.One of the issues many writers of long texts face is navigation: assembling all of their research and information in a way that makes it easy to access what they need, when they need it. Scrivener helps with this, offering writers the tools to organize concepts, notes, research, photos, videos, documents, and more.Fun fact: What does a scrivener do? Back in the day, a scrivener (or scribe) was someone who could read and write, and made their living writing or copying material on behalf of others. How to Write a Book: The Ultimate Guide Read post Making the callScrivener is known for its feast of functionalities - but also its steep learning curve. If you struggle to stay organized while writing a book, its many tools might just be the ticket to keeping you on track to the finish line.However, if you just want a place to write - but are hoping to format as you do - consider giving the Reedsy Book Editor a try. It doesn’t offer outlining or research tools, but it will leave you with a professional-looking manuscript at the end. Or if you’re not done your book-writing software window-shopping session yet, check out this list of six book-writing softwares - other than Scrivener!Have you used Scrivener 3 - or any of its earlier iterations? Let us know what you liked about it or any struggles you faced in the comments below!

Brittany essays

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